Problem Analysis #0

88.94s
14,364 toks
Problem Statement

For positive integers a,b,ca,b,c we say that the triple (a,b,c)(a,b,c) is \emph{cyclically divisible} if

a+1b,b+1c,c+1a\frac{a+1}{b},\quad \frac{b+1}{c},\quad \frac{c+1}{a}

are all integers.

Let T\mathcal{T} be the set of all cyclically divisible ordered triples (a,b,c)(a,b,c) of positive integers. For any positive integer nn, define

S(a,b,c):=a+b+c,S(a,b,c):=a+b+c,

and the arithmetic function F:NNF:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N} by

F(n):={(a,b,c)TS(a,b,c)n}.F(n):=\bigl|\{(a,b,c)\in\mathcal{T}\mid S(a,b,c)\mid n\}\bigr|.

For arithmetic functions u,v:NCu,v:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{C}, define their \emph{divisor-sum combination} by

(uv)(n):=dnu(d)v ⁣(nd)(nN),(u * v)(n):=\sum_{d\mid n}u(d)\,v\!\left(\frac{n}{d}\right)\qquad(n\in\mathbb{N}),

and let 1\mathbf{1} denote the constant function 1(n)1\mathbf{1}(n)\equiv 1.

It is known that the set T\mathcal{T} is finite. Moreover, there exists an arithmetic function

G:NZ0,G:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0},

depending only on the values of S(a,b,c)S(a,b,c) for (a,b,c)T(a,b,c)\in\mathcal{T}, such that

F(n)=(G1)(n)=dnG(d)for all nN.F(n) = (G * \mathbf{1})(n) = \sum_{d\mid n} G(d) \quad\text{for all } n\in\mathbb{N}.

Let

N:=107N:=10^7

and define the integer

K:=n=1N(n!)F(n).\mathcal{K} := \prod_{n=1}^{N} \bigl(n!\bigr)^{F(n)}.

Set

E:=v2(K),E := v_2(\mathcal{K}),

the exponent of 22 in the prime factorization of K\mathcal{K}.

Using the above information, determine the exact value of the integer EE.

Ground Truth
91666486036450
Execution Trace
Reasoning Process

<|channel|>commentary to=python code<|message|>def find_triples(limit_x=20, limit_y=20, limit_z=20): triples = set() for x in range(1, limit_x+1): for y in range(1, limit_y+1): for z in range(1, limit_z+1): denom = xyz - 1 if denom <= 0: continue num_a = xy + x + 1 if num_a % denom != 0: continue a = num_a // denom num_b = yz + y + 1 if num_b % denom != 0: continue b = num_b // denom num_c = z*x + z + 1 if num_c % denom != 0: continue c = num_c // denom if a <= 0 or b <= 0 or c <= 0: continue # verify divisibility conditions if (a+1) % b != 0 or (b+1) % c != 0 or (c+1) % a != 0: continue triples.add((a,b,c)) return sorted(triples)

triples = find_triples(20,20,20) len(triples), triples[:10]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] (10, [(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 3), (2, 1, 1), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), (3, 4, 5), (4, 5, 3), (5, 3, 4)]) [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

<|channel|>commentary to=python code<|message|>def find_triples_by_abc(limit): triples=set() for a in range(1,limit+1): for b in range(1,limit+1): if (a+1)%b!=0: continue for c in range(1,limit+1): if (b+1)%c!=0: continue if (c+1)%a==0: triples.add((a,b,c)) return sorted(triples)

triples_abc = find_triples_by_abc(50) len(triples_abc), triples_abc[:20]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] (10, [(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 3), (2, 1, 1), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), (3, 4, 5), (4, 5, 3), (5, 3, 4)]) [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

<|channel|>analysis to=python code<|message|>def find_triples(limit): triples=set() for a in range(1,limit+1): for b in range(1,limit+1): if (a+1)%b!=0: continue for c in range(1,limit+1): if (b+1)%c!=0: continue if (c+1)%a==0: triples.add((a,b,c)) return sorted(triples)

triples=find_triples(200) len(triples), triples[:20]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] (10, [(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 3), (2, 1, 1), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), (3, 4, 5), (4, 5, 3), (5, 3, 4)]) [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] We have enumerated all cyclically divisible triples (a,b,c) of positive integers. The set is finite and consists of exactly the 10 triples listed: (1,1,1), (1,1,2), (1,2,1), (1,2,3), (2,1,1), (2,3,1), (3,1,2), (3,4,5), (4,5,3), (5,3,4).

For each triple we compute S = a+b+c. Then F(n) counts how many triples have S dividing n, i.e., for each divisor d of n we add the number of triples with sum equal to d. Thus F(n) = Σ_{d|n} G(d), where G(d) is the number of triples with sum exactly d. So G(d) = #{(a,b,c): a+b+c=d}.

We need E = v_2(∏{n=1}^{N} (n!)^{F(n)}). The exponent of 2 in n! is v_2(n!). So the total exponent contributed by term (n!)^{F(n)} is F(n)*v_2(n!). Summing over n gives E = Σ{n=1}^{N} F(n)*v_2(n!).

We can compute E directly by iterating n up to N=10^7, but that is large. However we can use the convolution property: F = G * 1. Then Σ_{n≤N} F(n)*v_2(n!) = Σ_{n≤N} (Σ_{d|n} G(d)) * v_2(n!). Swap sums: Σ_{d≤N} G(d) * (Σ_{k≤N/d} v_2((kd)!)). Let m = kd. So for each d, we need sum over multiples of d up to N of v_2(m!). We can compute this efficiently by precomputing prefix sums of v_2(n!) up to N, then for each d sum over multiples.

But we can also compute directly by brute force up to 10^7? That might be heavy but possible in Python with efficient loops and using precomputed v2 array. Let's attempt to compute E via a loop over n up to 10^7, using vectorized approach or incremental. We'll precompute v2(n!) for all n up to N: v2[0]=0, then v2[n] = v2[n-1]+v2(n). Where v2(n) is exponent of 2 in n. We can compute v2(n) quickly by counting trailing zeros in binary or using n & -n. Then we compute F[n] via convolution: For each triple sum s, increment G[s] by 1. Then compute F[n] = Σ_{d|n} G[d]. We can precompute F via divisor summation: For each d with G[d]>0, add G[d] to all multiples of d up to N. That is O(N log N) but with only 10 sums, it's cheap.

Finally compute E = Σ_{n=1}^{N} F[n] * v2_fact[n].

Let's implement this.<|channel|>commentary to=python code<|message|>N = 10_000_000

compute G: counts of sums from triples

triples = [(1,1,1),(1,1,2),(1,2,1),(1,2,3),(2,1,1),(2,3,1),(3,1,2),(3,4,5),(4,5,3),(5,3,4)] G = [0]*(N+1) for a,b,c in triples: s=a+b+c G[s]+=1

compute v2(n!) for all n up to N

v2_fact=[0]*(N+1) for i in range(1,N+1): # exponent of 2 in i x=i cnt=0 while x%2==0: cnt+=1 x//=2 v2_fact[i]=v2_fact[i-1]+cnt

compute F via divisor sum

F=[0]*(N+1) for d in range(1,N+1): if G[d]==0: continue g=G[d] for m in range(d,N+1,d): F[m]+=g

compute E

E=0 for n in range(1,N+1): if F[n]: E+=F[n]*v2_fact[n] E

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] 91666486036450 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] The computed value of (E = 91666486036450). This is the exponent of 2 in (\mathcal{K}).

[ \boxed{91666486036450} ]

Final Model Output
91666486036450

Comparative Analysis (P0) (Average across runs)

Avg Time Taken

Deepseek-R1-distill-Qwen-32B (high)
1136.6
Qwen3-30B-A3B-2507
550.5
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
382.0
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
302.1
Deepseek-V3.2
287.0
HCX-007(high)
234.6
Grok-4.1-fast
113.6
GPT-5.1 (high)
109.5
Gemma-3-27B
87.5
GPT-oss-20B (high)
79.3
A.X-4.0 (72B)
56.4
Claude-Opus-4.5
39.1
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
31.3
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
16.2

Avg Token Usage

Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
146942.0
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
28923.0
Deepseek-R1-distill-Qwen-32B (high)
24609.7
Grok-4.1-fast
20551.3
Deepseek-V3.2
19976.7
Qwen3-30B-A3B-2507
14717.7
GPT-oss-20B (high)
14426.7
GPT-5.1 (high)
11798.0
Claude-Opus-4.5
11332.7
A.X-4.0 (72B)
8872.0
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
5431.3
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
5162.7
HCX-007(high)
4787.3
Gemma-3-27B
3081.3