Answer the following questions about a real symmetric matrix :
- [I.] Find all the different eigenvalues of matrix , ().
- [II.] Find all the eigenspaces corresponding to , respectively.
- [III.] Find an orthonormal basis consisting of eigenvectors of , each belonging to one of obtained in Question II.
- [IV.] Find the spectral decomposition of : where is the projection matrix onto .
- [V.] Find , where is any positive integer.
- [VI.] Let be the eigenvalues from {\rm I}, and let Let be the orthonormal eigenbasis from {\rm III}, and assume . Denote by the first component of , and set For , let be the sum of all entries of the matrix : Define Compute the integer . \
[THOUGHT] Compute eigenvalues/eigenvectors of the symmetric matrix using SymPy exactly. Since part VI assumes only two distinct eigenvalues, identify them (lambda1<lambda2) and d1=dim W(lambda1). Choose a normalized eigenvector b3 for lambda2, compute beta=|first component|^2, compute S10=sum of all entries of A^10, then form S and K=999*S^2+7 exactly as integers. [/THOUGHT] [PYTHON] import sympy as sp
A = sp.Matrix([[0,1,2], [1,0,2], [2,2,3]])
Eigenvalues (distinct) sorted
eigs = A.eigenvals() distinct = sorted(eigs.keys(), key=lambda x: sp.N(x)) print("eigenvals with mult:", eigs) print("distinct:", distinct)
Determine lambda1<lambda2 (assumes two distinct eigenvalues)
lambda1, lambda2 = distinct[0], distinct[-1] d1 = eigs[lambda1] print("lambda1, lambda2, d1:", lambda1, lambda2, d1)
Eigenvector for lambda2, normalized to get b3; choose first eigenvector from eigenvects()
evects = A.eigenvects() vec_lambda2 = None for val, mult, vects in evects: if sp.simplify(val - lambda2) == 0: vec_lambda2 = vects[0] break print("raw eigenvector for lambda2:", vec_lambda2)
Normalize
vec = sp.Matrix(vec_lambda2) norm2 = (vec.T*vec)[0] b3 = vec / sp.sqrt(norm2) beta = sp.simplify(b3[0]**2) # square since real; absolute value squared print("b3:", b3) print("beta:", beta)
Compute A^10 and S10
A10 = A**10 S10 = sum(A10) print("S10:", S10)
S = sp.simplify((lambda2 - lambda1) * d1 * S10 / beta) K = sp.simplify(999*S**2 + 7)
print("S:", S) print("K:", K)
Verify K is integer
print("K is integer?", sp.Integer(K) == K) print("K as int:", int(K)) [/PYTHON]
[THOUGHT] Using the computed values, the required integer is (\mathcal{K}=999S^2+7) with (S=1875000024), giving: [ \boxed{3512109464910000575431} ]