Problem Analysis #18

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Problem Statement

Let R\mathbb{R} denote the set of all real numbers. Let f:RRf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} be a function such that f(x)>0f(x) > 0 for all xRx \in \mathbb{R}, and f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) for all x,yRx, y \in \mathbb{R}.Let the real numbers a1,a2,,a50a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{50} be in an arithmetic progression. If f(a31)=64f(a25)f(a_{31}) = 64f(a_{25}), andi=150f(ai)=3(225+1),\sum_{i=1}^{50} f(a_i) = 3(2^{25} + 1),find the value ofi=630f(ai).\sum_{i=6}^{30} f(a_i).\

Ground Truth
96
Execution Trace
Reasoning Process

To solve the problem, we are given a functional equation and constraints involving an arithmetic progression (AP) and a function f:RRf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} satisfying:

  • f(x)>0f(x) > 0 for all x\0x \in \0,
  • f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) for all x,y\mathbbmathbbRx, y \in \mathbbmathbb{R},
  • a1,a2,,a50a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{50} form an arithmetic progression,
  • f(a31)=64f(a25)f(a_{31}) = 64 f(a_{25}),
  • i=150f(ai)=3(225+1)\sum_{i=1}^{50} f(a_i) = 3(2^{25} + 1),
  • We are to find i=630f(ai)\sum_{i=6}^{30} f(a_i).

Step 1: Understand the Functional Equation

The functional equation f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) with f(x)>0f(x) > 0 implies that ff is of the form:

f(x)=bxf(x) = b^x

for some base b>0b > 0. This is because exponential functions are the only continuous solutions to this Cauchy-type multiplicative functional equation under the positivity condition.

Thus, we can write:

f(x)=bxf(x) = b^x

Step 2: Express Terms in AP

Let the arithmetic progression be:

ai=a+(i1)da_i = a + (i - 1)d

Then:

f(ai)=ba+(i1)d=ba(bd)i1f(a_i) = b^{a + (i - 1)d} = b^a \cdot (b^d)^{i - 1}

Let C=baC = b^a, then:

f(ai)=C(bd)i1f(a_i) = C \cdot (b^d)^{i - 1}

Given f(a31)=64f(a25)f(a_{31}) = 64 f(a_{25}), and since a31=a25+6da_{31} = a_{25} + 6d, we have:

f(a31)=f(a25)f(6d)f(6d)=64f(a_{31}) = f(a_{25}) \cdot f(6d) \Rightarrow f(6d) = 64

But f(x)=bxf(x) = b^x, so:

b6d=64bd=2b^{6d} = 64 \Rightarrow b^d = 2

(since 26=642^6 = 64)

Therefore:

f(ai)=C2i1f(a_i) = C \cdot 2^{i - 1}

Step 3: Use Given Sum to Determine Constant

We are told:

i=150f(ai)=3(225+1)\sum_{i=1}^{50} f(a_i) = 3(2^{25} + 1)

Substitute f(ai)=C2i1f(a_i) = C \cdot 2^{i - 1}:

i=150f(ai)=Ci=1502i1=C(2501)\sum_{i=1}^{50} f(a_i) = C \sum_{i=1}^{50} 2^{i - 1} = C(2^{50} - 1)

So:

C(250under,C=3(225+1)2501C(2^{50} - under, C = \frac{3(2^{25} + 1)}{2^{50} - 1}

But note:

2501=(2251)(225+1)C=322512^{50} - 1 = (2^{25} - 1)(2^{25} + 1) \Rightarrow C = \frac{3}{2^{25} - 1}

Step 4: Compute Desired Sum

We want:

i=630f(ai)=i=630C2i1=Ci=6302i1\sum_{i=6}^{30} f(a_i) = \sum_{i=6}^{30} C \cdot 2^{i - 1} = C \sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i - 1}

Let’s adjust the index: let j=i1j = i - 1, then when i=6i = 6, j=5j = 5; when i=30i = 30, j=29j = 29. So the sum becomes:

i=6302i1=j=5292j=25+26++229\sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i - 1} = \sum_{j=5}^{29} 2^j = 2^5 + 2^6 + \cdots + 2^{29}

This is a geometric series with first term 252^5, ratio 2, and 25 terms (from j=5j = 5 to 2929):

j=5292j=25(2251)\sum_{j=5}^{29} 2^j = 2^5 (2^{25} - 1)

Thus:

i=630f(ai)=C25(2251)\sum_{i=6}^{30} f(a_i) = C \cdot 2^5 (2^{25} - 1)

Recall:

C=32251C = \frac{3}{2^{25} - 1}

So:

i=630f(ai)=3225125(2251)=325=332=96\sum_{i=6}^{30} f(a_i) = \frac{3}{2^{25} - 1} \cdot 2^5 (2^{25} - 1) = 3 \cdot 2^5 = 3 \cdot 32 = 96

✅ Final Answer

96\boxed{96}
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] We need to compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i). Given that f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}, and C = 3/(2^{25} - 1). The sum is C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}.

Let's compute this using Python to verify.

First, compute the sum of 2^{i-1} from i=6 to 30. That's sum_{k=5}^{29} 2^k (since i=6 gives k=5, i=30 gives k=29).

Sum = 2^5 + 2^6 + ... + 2^29.

Then the total sum is C * Sum = [3/(2^{25} - 1)] * Sum.

Let's compute this in Python. </think>

[THOUGHT] I need to compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i), where f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1} and C = 3/(2^{25} - 1).

Let's calculate the sum step by step. First, compute the sum of 2^{i-1} from i=6 to 30. Then multiply by C and see if it simplifies to 96.

Let's do this in Python to verify.

First, compute the sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30 inclusive. Then compute C as 3/(2^{25} - 1). Multiply them and see the result.

Alternatively, we can compute the expression analytically, but let's confirm with Python.

We need to compute sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1} = sum_{k=5}^{29} 2^k = 2^5 + 2^6 + ... + 2^29.

This is a geometric series with first term a = 2^5, ratio r = 2, number of terms n = 25.

Sum = a*(r^n - 1)/(r - 1) = 2^5*(2^{25} - 1)/(2 - 1) = 32*(2^{25} - 1).

Then the total sum is C * Sum = [3/(2^{2Columbus </think>

[THOUGHT] We need to compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i). Given that f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}, and C = 3/(2^{25} - 1). The sum is C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}.

Let's calculate that sum using Python.

First, compute the sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30 inclusive.

Then compute C as 3/(2^{25} - 1). Multiply them and see the result. </think>

[THOUGHT] We need to compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i). Given that f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}, and C = 3/(2^{25} - 1). The sum is C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}.

Let's calculate that sum using Python.

First, compute the sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30 inclusive.

Then compute C as 3/(2^{25} - 1). Multiply them and see the result.

Alternatively, we can compute the expression analytically, but let's confirm with Python. </python>

[PYTHON]

Compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i)

f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}, where C = 3/(2^{25} - 1)

So the sum = C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}

Compute sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30

total = 0 for i in range(6, 31): total += 2**(i-1)

Compute C

C = 3 / (2**25 - 1)

Compute the desired sum

result = C * total result [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] 96.0 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] We need to compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i). Given that f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}, where C = 3/(2^{25} - 1). The sum is C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}.

Let's compute that sum using Python.

First, compute the sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30.

Then compute C as 3/(2^{25} - 1). Multiply them and see the result.

Alternatively, we can compute the expression analytically, but let's confirm with Python. </python>

[PYTHON]

Compute the sum from i=6 to ’, but we need f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}

where C = 3/(2^25 - 1)

Sum = C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}

Compute sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30

total = 0 for i in range(6, 31): total += 2**(i-1)

print("Sum of 2^(i-1) from i=6 to 30:", total)

Compute C

C = 3 / (2**25 - 1) print("C =", C)

Compute the desired sum

result = C * total print("Desired sum:", result) [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] Sum of 2^(i-1) from i=6 to 30: 1073741792 C = 8.940696982762128e-08 Desired sum: 96.0 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] We need to compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i). Given that f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}, where C = 3/(2^{25} - 1). The sum is C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}.

Let's compute that sum using Python.

First, compute the sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30.

Then compute C as 3/(2^{25} - 1). Multiply them and see the result.

Alternatively, we can compute the expression analytically, but let's confirm with Python. </python>

[PYTHON]

Compute the sum from i=6 to 30 of f(a_i)

f(a_i) = C * 2^{i-1}, where C = 3/(2^25 - 1)

Sum = C * sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1}

Compute sum of 2^{i-1} for i from 6 to 30

total = 0 for i in range(6, 31): total += 2**(i-1)

Compute C

C = 3 / (2**25 - 1)

Compute the desired sum

result = C * total result [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] 96.0 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

The functional equation f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) with f(x)>0f(x) > 0 implies f(x)=bxf(x) = b^x. Given f(a31)=64f(a25)f(a_{31}) = 64f(a_{25}) and aia_i forms an arithmetic progression, we deduce b6d=64=26b^{6d} = 64 = 2^6, so bd=2b^d = 2. Thus, f(ai)=C2i1f(a_i) = C \cdot 2^{i-1} where C=baC = b^a.

Using the given sum i=150f(ai)=3(225+1)\sum_{i=1}^{50} f(a_i) = 3(2^{25} + 1), we find C=32251C = \frac{3}{2^{25} - 1}.

The desired sum is:

i=630f(ai)=Ci=6302i1=3225125(2251)=332=96\sum_{i=6}^{30} f(a_i) = C \sum_{i=6}^{30} 2^{i-1} = \frac{3}{2^{25} - 1} \cdot 2^5 (2^{25} - 1) = 3 \cdot 32 = 96

This result is confirmed by direct computation.

\boxed{96}

Final Model Output
96

Comparative Analysis (P18) (Average across runs)

Avg Time Taken

K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
302.6
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
103.6
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
52.0
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
48.8
Deepseek-V3.2
38.6
K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
36.3
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking
32.6
HCX-007(high)
32.0
A.X-4.0 (72B)
31.1
Solar-Open-100B
29.4
Grok-4.1-fast
27.7
Claude-Opus-4.5
22.0
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking-2601
20.4
GPT-5.1 (high)
17.3
GPT-5.2 (high)
12.7
axk1
9.6
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
5.7

Avg Token Usage

K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
32979.3
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
9405.0
Grok-4.1-fast
7425.0
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking
7018.0
Solar-Open-100B
6748.0
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
6113.0
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking-2601
6034.0
K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
5804.0
Deepseek-V3.2
5286.0
Claude-Opus-4.5
5158.0
HCX-007(high)
4565.0
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
4213.0
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
3600.0
axk1
3222.0
GPT-5.1 (high)
3114.0
GPT-5.2 (high)
2910.0
A.X-4.0 (72B)
2654.0